The year 2012:
Summary of the past year
During the year 2012 we were at 23 dogshows.
We have had 19 breedergroups (usually with four different combinations) all with HP and we has won Best of Breed 18 times, we have not stayed 4 times to the finals. We became Best in Show-2 breeder 6 times in Kungsör, Mjölby Sätila, Visby, Alfta and in Vännäs. Best in Show-3 breeder 3 times in Visby, Norrköping and in Mjölby. Åland and Högbo we became Best in Show breeder-4.
This year we had and still have five litters, Corrine and Baros had 9 puppies, Chelsea and Jack had four puppies, Corall and Cooper had five puppies, Caitlin and Cooper had six puppies and Chanel and Rafferty have four puppies. More about these litters see current litters and previous litters.
During the year we exported a puppy tll Russia Emma (Big Brazzel Will Always Love You).
Corrine (CH Brazzel Big Catch Me If You Can) daughter to Cleo, have been on dogshow sparingly during the years when she had a litter. She started the year by winning BOB and BIS-3 in Kungsör and then in the fourth week of her pregnancy to BOB and BIS-2 in Mjölby. After the puppies, she made a comeback in the Avesta to be 2:nd best bitch with CACIB. She was BOS and BIS/BIM-3 in Mjölby during the autumn. She's has won the champion class several times and also been placed in the best female broadly on most shows she's been on durng the years. She became top show springer-9 of the year 2012.
Chelsea (CH Big Brazzel Born To Be Wild) daughter to Celine, has had one litter during the first part of the year and only showed once and then she got CQ in champion class.
Chanel (Big Brazzel Time After Time) daughter to Celine, has been on several shows during the year, she has won the open class a number of times and got excellent and placed herselves in the best bitch on several shows. She already has two Swedish CC but she needs one more to get her champion titel. Time of writing, she has just received a litter. Her fine offspring have received many fine qualifications during the year including a number of CC, BOB and BIS placements, her great grandchildren reared on kennel Rowntree have for example became BIS-2 puppy.
Cooper (Big Brazze Higher And Higher) brother of Cornelia and son to Chelsea has during the year became best junior male in most dogshows he has been on. He has several best dog placements. He has been BOB and has received three Swedish CC and 7 reserve CAC. In March, he and his sister Cornelia competed at Grand Hotel in Stockholm on Puppy of the Year where they placed among the top 10 in all breeds, see news 2012. Cooper has had 4 litters this year. Cooper became top junior-3 of the year-2012. He became top show springer-15 of the year 2012.
Cornelia (Big Brazzel Hot Sensation) sister to Cooper and daughter to Chelsea has during the year had to compete a part in the intermediate class when her cousin Cecilia who is younger has been competing in the junior class. Cornelia has during the year mostly won junior class bitches and intermediate class. She has got 6 CC, one on Åland. She has two CACIB one Swedish and one Finnish and one Swedish reserve-CACIB. She has been BOB twice and BOS once. She has also won Best in Show-2. In March, she competed togeher with her brother Cooper at Grand Hotel in Stockholm on the show Puppies of the year she where they placed among the top 10 in all breads, see news 2012 She became top show springer-17 of the year 2012.
Cecilia (SEJV-2012 Big Brazzel Everytime We Touch) daughter to Chanel has four times been BOB puppy at four different shows. She has become Best in Show and Best in Show-2 puppy and so on. She has received four CC in junior class and three reserve-CAC. She has won the junior class almost on all the shows she has participated in. She has several best bitch placements and she has been BOB twice and BIG-2. She ended the year at the Stockholm International dog show by becoming Swedish Junior Winner-2012 (SEJV-2012), and 2:nd best bitch with CC. She also qualified for Crufts 2013. She became top show springer-10 of the year 2012.
Cecilia (SEJV-2012 Big Brazzel Every Time We Touch) Top Junior of the year-2012
Cecilia
Cody (Big Brazzel Back In Business) have only been two times in puppy class and became BOS. He debuted at the Stockholm International doghsow in the junior class to get excellent.
Clara (Big Brazzel Best Of Brands) has also been twice in the puppy class and has BOB and BIS-4 puppy and BOS puppy. Although she debuted at the Stockholm International doghshow in junior class with getting excellent.
Charlie is son to Doris and now has a well-deserved retirement and will not be out on shows more. He has many fine and nice children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, grandchildren's grandchildren during the years become both BOB and BOS, got several CC, has been placed in the best in show and has merit in tracking, agility, hunting, rally obedience and more.
Zelda has not issued during the year.
Doris had her 14 years old birthday this summer and did celibrate the birthday with cakepary, a time after she fell asleep our beloved Doris after a short illness, more about Doris and her birthday party see Doris page.
Eros has during the year loaned to Russia. He has been on two shows where he on both shows became best male, got two Russian CC and two Russian CACIB, he got two BOS and became Russian champion and Euro-Asian Winner 2012. He got a few litters in Russia. Unfortunately, Eros got an intractable disease tick and he has during the autumn fall asleep, we miss our prince so much. His offsprings have had great success in several countries during the year in shows, tracking and hunting and so on.
Cindy who has not lived here in a few years, passed away after a brief illness, we miss our princess.
Corall (Big Brazzel Drive Me Crazy) who is daughter to Chanel staying with a friend to the family has only been on one show this year. She has had a litter this spring, see previous litters.
Caitlin has had a litter consisting of six puppies at the kennel during this fall/winter.
Jerry (Big Brazzel Only You) who is son of Corrine and lives at kennel Klovstamon has been on a few shows during the year. He has won the open class and got CQ. He has already has two Swedish CC and missing just one to get his championtitel, we hope that during the next year he will have his last CC. Jerry has many very nice offsprings which have been showed with very good results. Including Best in Show Puppy, BOB and BOS-puppy and so on. He has got a few litters during the year.
Signe (Big Brazzel Caramell Chew Chew) who is daughter of Celine and Eros and lives at kennel Klovstamon will soon become mother to her first litter.
Wilja (Big Brazzel Close To My Heart) who is sister to Corrine and daughter to Cleo and Fritz has been on a few dogshows with good results.
Mixa (CH Big Brazzel Dirty Dancing) who is sister to Corall and daughter to Chanel and Tabasco (Sieger's Pool Position) has during the year became mother at kennel Rowntree, these puppies have gone very nicely on the show and for exempel become BIS-2 puppy.
Mikey (CH Big Brazzel Thunderball) who is brother of Chanel and son to Celine and Lleyton has only been on one show during the year and then been placed in the best male. He has during the years got many fine track records in agility and is now competing to the SM team in agility.
Sammy (Big Brazzel Absolute Power) who is son to Mikey and Cindy, has been showed once this year with good results. Although he has during the years got many fine track record in agility.
Daffy (Big Brazzel All Or Nothing) sister to Sammy and daughter to Mikey and Cindy, has been out a few times on shows during the year with good results. She has became mother to her first puppy litter this autumn..
Alice (Big Brazzel All Absout Love) Daffys sister, has been out a few times on shows during the year and has got reserv-CC and best bitch placement. She became mother last fall, and her son has got CC. She lives at kennel Lord Danny.
Bosse (CH Big Brazzel Purple Rain) has only been on ne dogshow this year and been placed in the champion class.
Elly (CH Brazzel Big One In The Million) sister to Caity and Jerry and lives in Russia,on kennel Veraspring, has this year became mother to a puppylitter together with Eros.
Izzie (MultiCh Big Brazzel Hot Enough) who is sister to Cooper, Cornelia and Liza and daughter to Chelsea have been showed widely throughout the year, she has a total of 25 CC, 7 CACIB, 19 BOB, BOS 6, 1 BIG, BIG 1 -2, 1 BIG-3, 1 BIS 2, 3, BIS-3, 4 BIS-4, 3 BIS-5. She is Baby Champion, Puppy Champion, Young Breed Champion, Brazilian Champion, Panamerican Champion, Great Brazilian Champion, Great Panamerican Champion. She has only one CACIB left to her international champion title, but she has to wait for this until March 2013. Izzie became topspringer bitch-2012 in Brazil.
Liza (Big Brazzel Hot and Wild) who is sister to Cooper, Cornelia and Izzie and daughter to Chelsea has during the year shows sparingly, she has won the junior class. She was during the autumn best hunting youngster and best Dual Purpose youngster and total BIS-2 Dual Purpose in springer Östras cup.
Wilma (Big Brazzel Cookie Dough) who is sister to Signe and daughter to Celine and Eros, has been on a few dogshows during the year. She has become mother to a puppylitter during the spring along with Cooper.
Jasmine (Big Brazzel Believe In Me) sister to Chelsea and daughter to Celine has been showed sparingly during the year with good results.
Spencer (SEJV-2012 Big Brazzel Impression Piece) son to Caitlin and brother to Joyce, Spike, Wila and Lilly, have been showed once during the year on the Stockholm internationella show in December, there he became the best junior male and got the title Swedish Junior Winner -2012, like his half sister Cecilia. He also qualified for Crufts 2013. He was 3:rd best male and got reserve-CC.
Fhilip (Big Brazzel Bungee Jumper) who is son to Corrine had become BOS-puppy.
Flora (Big Brazzel Butterfly Flip) who is daughter to Corrine had become BOS-puppy.
Tindra (Big Brazzel Black Beauty) who is daughter to Corrine has been placed in the best female puppyclass.
Joyce (Big Brazzel Ivory White) daughter to Cailin and sister to Spencer, Lilly, Spike and Wila has become BOB twice and BIS-3 puppy and BOS-puppy. She has two CC from junior class.
Lilly (Big Brazzel I Am Legend) daughter to Cailin and sister to Spencer, Joyce, Spike and Wila has become BOB three times and BIS-2 puppy twice. She has CQ and best bitchplacemet.
Spike (Big Brazzel Intense Colours) who is son to Cailin and brother to Spencer, Wila, Lilly and Joyce have become BOS-puppy.
Wila (Irresistable Choice) who is daughter to Caitlin and sister to Spike Spencer, Lilly and Joyce have become BOB twice and also BIS-2 puppy. She has also been showed in junior class with excellent.
Caity (Big Brazzel Only Made For Me) who is daughter to Corrine and sister to Jerry and Elly has been showed with good results. She has during the autumn moved to a new family.
Athos (Big Brazzel Enjoy The Future) son to Chanel and brother to Cecilia has become BOS-puppy twice. He has CC from junior class.
Bandit (Big Brazzel Essence Of Gold) son to Chanel and brother to Athos and Cecilia has been at dogshow with good results.
Wilma (Big Brazzel Gossip Girl), daughter to Corall and Cooper has been on doghsow in puppy class and received a placement.
Glossy (Big Brazzel Glossy Lips) has become BOB twice and also became Best in Show puppy.
Emma (Big Brazzel Will Always Love You) who is daughter to Chelsea and lives at kennel Veraspring in Russia has been showed three times and became BOB all three times.
A total of 37 of the kennels breed dogs shown at various doghsows during the year. Many of our breed dogs have high qualifications in agility and tracking.
We would also like to mention all the lovely offsprings to Charlie, Eros, Cooper and Jerry who emerged in shows, tracking, agility, rally obedience, hunting with more, in several countries.
Mikey (CH Big Brazzel Thunderball) springer östras top agility dog 2012
Corrine (CH Brazzel Big Catch Me If You Can) as 4 years in a row has become springer östras show dog became 2:nd best springer östras showdog-2012
Cecilia (Big Brazzel Everytime We Touch) and Cornelia (Big Brazzel Hot Sensation) shared third place as springer östras showdog 2012
Cooper (Big Brazzel Higher And Higher) became 4 best springer östras show dog 2012
Chanel (Big Brazzel Time After Time) became 6 best springer östras show dog 2012
Mikey (CH Big Brazzel Thunderball) became 11 best springer östras showdog 2012
Chelsea (CH Big Brazzel Born To Be Wild), Cody (Big Brazzel Absolute Power), Cody (Big Brazzel Back In Business), Clara (Big Brazzel Best Of Brands) Bosse (CH Big Brazzel Purple Rain) and Sammy (Big Brazzel Absolute Power) became 12 best springer östras showdog 2012
Corall (Big Brazzel Driving Me Crazy) became 13 best springer östras showdog 2012
We wants to congratulate many grandchildren and great-grandchildren and grandchildren's grandchildren to our bred dogs for this years merit in dogshows, tracking, rally obedience and agility and offsprings who has become champion in several of these sports so enjoyable.
Many thanks to everyone who has helped us to show our breedersgroups and helped us to show our dogs throughout the year, without you we would not have achieved such good results. Also, many thanks for all the support and help on the dogshows.
During the year 2012 we were at 23 dogshows.
We have had 19 breedergroups (usually with four different combinations) all with HP and we has won Best of Breed 18 times, we have not stayed 4 times to the finals. We became Best in Show-2 breeder 6 times in Kungsör, Mjölby Sätila, Visby, Alfta and in Vännäs. Best in Show-3 breeder 3 times in Visby, Norrköping and in Mjölby. Åland and Högbo we became Best in Show breeder-4.
This year we had and still have five litters, Corrine and Baros had 9 puppies, Chelsea and Jack had four puppies, Corall and Cooper had five puppies, Caitlin and Cooper had six puppies and Chanel and Rafferty have four puppies. More about these litters see current litters and previous litters.
During the year we exported a puppy tll Russia Emma (Big Brazzel Will Always Love You).
Corrine (CH Brazzel Big Catch Me If You Can) daughter to Cleo, have been on dogshow sparingly during the years when she had a litter. She started the year by winning BOB and BIS-3 in Kungsör and then in the fourth week of her pregnancy to BOB and BIS-2 in Mjölby. After the puppies, she made a comeback in the Avesta to be 2:nd best bitch with CACIB. She was BOS and BIS/BIM-3 in Mjölby during the autumn. She's has won the champion class several times and also been placed in the best female broadly on most shows she's been on durng the years. She became top show springer-9 of the year 2012.
Chelsea (CH Big Brazzel Born To Be Wild) daughter to Celine, has had one litter during the first part of the year and only showed once and then she got CQ in champion class.
Chanel (Big Brazzel Time After Time) daughter to Celine, has been on several shows during the year, she has won the open class a number of times and got excellent and placed herselves in the best bitch on several shows. She already has two Swedish CC but she needs one more to get her champion titel. Time of writing, she has just received a litter. Her fine offspring have received many fine qualifications during the year including a number of CC, BOB and BIS placements, her great grandchildren reared on kennel Rowntree have for example became BIS-2 puppy.
Cooper (Big Brazze Higher And Higher) brother of Cornelia and son to Chelsea has during the year became best junior male in most dogshows he has been on. He has several best dog placements. He has been BOB and has received three Swedish CC and 7 reserve CAC. In March, he and his sister Cornelia competed at Grand Hotel in Stockholm on Puppy of the Year where they placed among the top 10 in all breeds, see news 2012. Cooper has had 4 litters this year. Cooper became top junior-3 of the year-2012. He became top show springer-15 of the year 2012.
Cornelia (Big Brazzel Hot Sensation) sister to Cooper and daughter to Chelsea has during the year had to compete a part in the intermediate class when her cousin Cecilia who is younger has been competing in the junior class. Cornelia has during the year mostly won junior class bitches and intermediate class. She has got 6 CC, one on Åland. She has two CACIB one Swedish and one Finnish and one Swedish reserve-CACIB. She has been BOB twice and BOS once. She has also won Best in Show-2. In March, she competed togeher with her brother Cooper at Grand Hotel in Stockholm on the show Puppies of the year she where they placed among the top 10 in all breads, see news 2012 She became top show springer-17 of the year 2012.
Cecilia (SEJV-2012 Big Brazzel Everytime We Touch) daughter to Chanel has four times been BOB puppy at four different shows. She has become Best in Show and Best in Show-2 puppy and so on. She has received four CC in junior class and three reserve-CAC. She has won the junior class almost on all the shows she has participated in. She has several best bitch placements and she has been BOB twice and BIG-2. She ended the year at the Stockholm International dog show by becoming Swedish Junior Winner-2012 (SEJV-2012), and 2:nd best bitch with CC. She also qualified for Crufts 2013. She became top show springer-10 of the year 2012.
Cecilia (SEJV-2012 Big Brazzel Every Time We Touch) Top Junior of the year-2012
Cecilia
Cody (Big Brazzel Back In Business) have only been two times in puppy class and became BOS. He debuted at the Stockholm International doghsow in the junior class to get excellent.
Clara (Big Brazzel Best Of Brands) has also been twice in the puppy class and has BOB and BIS-4 puppy and BOS puppy. Although she debuted at the Stockholm International doghshow in junior class with getting excellent.
Charlie is son to Doris and now has a well-deserved retirement and will not be out on shows more. He has many fine and nice children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, grandchildren's grandchildren during the years become both BOB and BOS, got several CC, has been placed in the best in show and has merit in tracking, agility, hunting, rally obedience and more.
Zelda has not issued during the year.
Doris had her 14 years old birthday this summer and did celibrate the birthday with cakepary, a time after she fell asleep our beloved Doris after a short illness, more about Doris and her birthday party see Doris page.
Eros has during the year loaned to Russia. He has been on two shows where he on both shows became best male, got two Russian CC and two Russian CACIB, he got two BOS and became Russian champion and Euro-Asian Winner 2012. He got a few litters in Russia. Unfortunately, Eros got an intractable disease tick and he has during the autumn fall asleep, we miss our prince so much. His offsprings have had great success in several countries during the year in shows, tracking and hunting and so on.
Cindy who has not lived here in a few years, passed away after a brief illness, we miss our princess.
Corall (Big Brazzel Drive Me Crazy) who is daughter to Chanel staying with a friend to the family has only been on one show this year. She has had a litter this spring, see previous litters.
Caitlin has had a litter consisting of six puppies at the kennel during this fall/winter.
Jerry (Big Brazzel Only You) who is son of Corrine and lives at kennel Klovstamon has been on a few shows during the year. He has won the open class and got CQ. He has already has two Swedish CC and missing just one to get his championtitel, we hope that during the next year he will have his last CC. Jerry has many very nice offsprings which have been showed with very good results. Including Best in Show Puppy, BOB and BOS-puppy and so on. He has got a few litters during the year.
Signe (Big Brazzel Caramell Chew Chew) who is daughter of Celine and Eros and lives at kennel Klovstamon will soon become mother to her first litter.
Wilja (Big Brazzel Close To My Heart) who is sister to Corrine and daughter to Cleo and Fritz has been on a few dogshows with good results.
Mixa (CH Big Brazzel Dirty Dancing) who is sister to Corall and daughter to Chanel and Tabasco (Sieger's Pool Position) has during the year became mother at kennel Rowntree, these puppies have gone very nicely on the show and for exempel become BIS-2 puppy.
Mikey (CH Big Brazzel Thunderball) who is brother of Chanel and son to Celine and Lleyton has only been on one show during the year and then been placed in the best male. He has during the years got many fine track records in agility and is now competing to the SM team in agility.
Sammy (Big Brazzel Absolute Power) who is son to Mikey and Cindy, has been showed once this year with good results. Although he has during the years got many fine track record in agility.
Daffy (Big Brazzel All Or Nothing) sister to Sammy and daughter to Mikey and Cindy, has been out a few times on shows during the year with good results. She has became mother to her first puppy litter this autumn..
Alice (Big Brazzel All Absout Love) Daffys sister, has been out a few times on shows during the year and has got reserv-CC and best bitch placement. She became mother last fall, and her son has got CC. She lives at kennel Lord Danny.
Bosse (CH Big Brazzel Purple Rain) has only been on ne dogshow this year and been placed in the champion class.
Elly (CH Brazzel Big One In The Million) sister to Caity and Jerry and lives in Russia,on kennel Veraspring, has this year became mother to a puppylitter together with Eros.
Izzie (MultiCh Big Brazzel Hot Enough) who is sister to Cooper, Cornelia and Liza and daughter to Chelsea have been showed widely throughout the year, she has a total of 25 CC, 7 CACIB, 19 BOB, BOS 6, 1 BIG, BIG 1 -2, 1 BIG-3, 1 BIS 2, 3, BIS-3, 4 BIS-4, 3 BIS-5. She is Baby Champion, Puppy Champion, Young Breed Champion, Brazilian Champion, Panamerican Champion, Great Brazilian Champion, Great Panamerican Champion. She has only one CACIB left to her international champion title, but she has to wait for this until March 2013. Izzie became topspringer bitch-2012 in Brazil.
Liza (Big Brazzel Hot and Wild) who is sister to Cooper, Cornelia and Izzie and daughter to Chelsea has during the year shows sparingly, she has won the junior class. She was during the autumn best hunting youngster and best Dual Purpose youngster and total BIS-2 Dual Purpose in springer Östras cup.
Wilma (Big Brazzel Cookie Dough) who is sister to Signe and daughter to Celine and Eros, has been on a few dogshows during the year. She has become mother to a puppylitter during the spring along with Cooper.
Jasmine (Big Brazzel Believe In Me) sister to Chelsea and daughter to Celine has been showed sparingly during the year with good results.
Spencer (SEJV-2012 Big Brazzel Impression Piece) son to Caitlin and brother to Joyce, Spike, Wila and Lilly, have been showed once during the year on the Stockholm internationella show in December, there he became the best junior male and got the title Swedish Junior Winner -2012, like his half sister Cecilia. He also qualified for Crufts 2013. He was 3:rd best male and got reserve-CC.
Fhilip (Big Brazzel Bungee Jumper) who is son to Corrine had become BOS-puppy.
Flora (Big Brazzel Butterfly Flip) who is daughter to Corrine had become BOS-puppy.
Tindra (Big Brazzel Black Beauty) who is daughter to Corrine has been placed in the best female puppyclass.
Joyce (Big Brazzel Ivory White) daughter to Cailin and sister to Spencer, Lilly, Spike and Wila has become BOB twice and BIS-3 puppy and BOS-puppy. She has two CC from junior class.
Lilly (Big Brazzel I Am Legend) daughter to Cailin and sister to Spencer, Joyce, Spike and Wila has become BOB three times and BIS-2 puppy twice. She has CQ and best bitchplacemet.
Spike (Big Brazzel Intense Colours) who is son to Cailin and brother to Spencer, Wila, Lilly and Joyce have become BOS-puppy.
Wila (Irresistable Choice) who is daughter to Caitlin and sister to Spike Spencer, Lilly and Joyce have become BOB twice and also BIS-2 puppy. She has also been showed in junior class with excellent.
Caity (Big Brazzel Only Made For Me) who is daughter to Corrine and sister to Jerry and Elly has been showed with good results. She has during the autumn moved to a new family.
Athos (Big Brazzel Enjoy The Future) son to Chanel and brother to Cecilia has become BOS-puppy twice. He has CC from junior class.
Bandit (Big Brazzel Essence Of Gold) son to Chanel and brother to Athos and Cecilia has been at dogshow with good results.
Wilma (Big Brazzel Gossip Girl), daughter to Corall and Cooper has been on doghsow in puppy class and received a placement.
Glossy (Big Brazzel Glossy Lips) has become BOB twice and also became Best in Show puppy.
Emma (Big Brazzel Will Always Love You) who is daughter to Chelsea and lives at kennel Veraspring in Russia has been showed three times and became BOB all three times.
A total of 37 of the kennels breed dogs shown at various doghsows during the year. Many of our breed dogs have high qualifications in agility and tracking.
We would also like to mention all the lovely offsprings to Charlie, Eros, Cooper and Jerry who emerged in shows, tracking, agility, rally obedience, hunting with more, in several countries.
Mikey (CH Big Brazzel Thunderball) springer östras top agility dog 2012
Corrine (CH Brazzel Big Catch Me If You Can) as 4 years in a row has become springer östras show dog became 2:nd best springer östras showdog-2012
Cecilia (Big Brazzel Everytime We Touch) and Cornelia (Big Brazzel Hot Sensation) shared third place as springer östras showdog 2012
Cooper (Big Brazzel Higher And Higher) became 4 best springer östras show dog 2012
Chanel (Big Brazzel Time After Time) became 6 best springer östras show dog 2012
Mikey (CH Big Brazzel Thunderball) became 11 best springer östras showdog 2012
Chelsea (CH Big Brazzel Born To Be Wild), Cody (Big Brazzel Absolute Power), Cody (Big Brazzel Back In Business), Clara (Big Brazzel Best Of Brands) Bosse (CH Big Brazzel Purple Rain) and Sammy (Big Brazzel Absolute Power) became 12 best springer östras showdog 2012
Corall (Big Brazzel Driving Me Crazy) became 13 best springer östras showdog 2012
We wants to congratulate many grandchildren and great-grandchildren and grandchildren's grandchildren to our bred dogs for this years merit in dogshows, tracking, rally obedience and agility and offsprings who has become champion in several of these sports so enjoyable.
Many thanks to everyone who has helped us to show our breedersgroups and helped us to show our dogs throughout the year, without you we would not have achieved such good results. Also, many thanks for all the support and help on the dogshows.
